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The use of cannabis has increased over the last 10 years. This is in part due to the decriminalization in various areas of the United States as well as in other countries around the world.

But what does the research say for pregnancy and breastfeeding? What do major health organizations recommend? What are some guidelines for safer usage? What are the risks to an infant?

The Infant Risk Center in Amarillo Texas is currently doing studies on Cannabis (as well as many other medications).
https://www.infantrisk.com/help-infantrisk-research

Here are the other resources I have used and compiled for you if you want more information.

Mother To Baby | Fact Sheets [Internet]. Brentwood (TN): Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS); 1994-. Marijuana (Cannabis) 2022 Oct. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582814/

Hale’s Medications and Mothers Milk (2023), Thomas W. Hale, RPh, PhD; Katylin Krutusch, PharmD, MBA, BCPS. Springer Publications

https://www.rollingstone.com/feature/cannabis-legalization-states-map-831885/

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this is part 1 of 2 -- part 2 will focus on cannabis/marijuana and the THC component within the plant.

Is CBD safe for breastfeeding? What do the professional medical organizations and the research studies say?

Here are the reference for this presentation:

Centers for Disease Control
https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/vaccinations-medications-drugs/marijuana.html

Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol

https://www.pharmacist.com/Publications/Pharmacy-Today/Article/potential-changes-coming-for-nonprescription-cbd-products

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: the current state of evidence and recommendations for research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2017.

Federal Drug Administration. What You Need to Know (And What We’re Working to Find Out) About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD. Consumer Updates. 2020.

Federal Drug Administration. What You Should Know About Using Cannabis, Including CBD, When Pregnant or Breastfeeding. 2019.

Huestis MA, Solimini R, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Carlier J, Busardò FP. Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2019;17(10):974-989.

https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/cannabidiol-cbd-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-2018082414476

“the Breastfeeding Family’s guide to nonprescription drugs and everyday product”, Frank J. Nice, RPh, DPA, CPHP ; Playtpus Media ©2023

National Library of Medicine, Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet] – Cannabidiol https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535598/

FDA STATEMENT: FDA Concludes that Existing Regulatory Frameworks for Foods and Supplements are Not Appropriate for Cannabidiol, Will Work with Congress on a New Way Forward – Dr. Janet Woodcock, 1/26/2023

Silveira GD, Loddi S, De Oliveira CDR, et al. Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of cannabinoids in human breast milk. Forensic Toxicol 2017;35:125-32. doi:10.1007/s11419-016-0346-5

Bertrand KA, Hanan NJ, Honerkamp-Smith G, et al. Marijuana use by breastfeeding mothers and cannabinoid concentrations in breast milk. Pediatrics 2018;142:e20181076.

Yeung CHT., Bertrand KA., Best BM., et al. Cannabidiol exposure through maternal marijuana use: Predictions in breastfed infants. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023.

https://www.lightspeedhq.com/blog/cbd-trends/
CBD Trends: 8 Vital Things to Know If You’re Selling Cannabidiol Products in 2024; Alex Frasier

Joseph P, Vettraino IM. Cannabis in Pregnancy and Lactation - A Review. Mo Med. 2020 Sep-Oct;117(5):400-405. PMID: 33311738; PMCID: PMC7723128.

Kachru R, Perry-Lunardo C, Thompson LA. CBD Use in Children—Miracle, Myth, or Mystery? JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(6):652. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0367
Published Online: April 26, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0367

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Depression medications taken during pregnancy not only go to you, but to your baby as well. Sadly, babies will withdraw from these substances in those early days and may experience a wide range of symptoms. Lets discuss why, and what you can do to help minimize this effect and how to help your baby.

resources:

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/perinatal-depression

Newborn Babies Go Through Antidepressant Withdrawal: A new study finds that newborn babies experience antidepressant withdrawal after birth if their mothers take SSRIs when pregnant. - Peter Simons -

September 6, 2021. https://www.madinamerica.com/2021/09/newborn-babies-go-antidepressant-withdrawal/#:~:text=A%20new%20meta-analysis%20uncovered%20evidence%20that%20newborn%20babies,mothers%20discontinue%20antidepressant%20use%20before%20pregnancy%20if%20possible.

Wang, J., & Cosci, F. (2021). Neonatal withdrawal syndrome following late in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 90, 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1159/000516031

Levinson-Castiel R, Merlob P, Linder N, Sirota L, Klinger G. Neonatal abstinence syndrome after in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in term infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Feb;160(2):173-6. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.160.2.173. PMID: 16461873

Mental Health America

https://mhanational.org/issues/position-statement-49-perinatal-mental-health

Rebecchini, L., Bind, R. H., & Pariante, C. (2022). Perinatal depression and mother-infant interventions: A literature review. In M. Percudani, A. Bramante, V. Brenna, & C. Pariante (Eds.), Key topics in perinatal mental health (pp. 359–373). Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91832-3_24

Hull University Teaching Hosptials/ National Health Services (UK)

https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/mothers-who-take-antidepressant-medications-care-for-your-baby/#:~:text=Symptoms%20of%20withdrawal%20from%20antidepressant,better%20without%20any%20special%20intervention.

https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/withdrawal-symptoms-in-newborns-exposed-to-ssris/

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One of the causes of low milk supply is IGT/hypoplasia. What is it, how to breastfeed with this condition.

RESOURCES--
https://kellymom.com/bf/got-milk/supply-worries/insufficient-glandular-tissue/

Huggins, K., Petok, E., & Mireles, O. Markers of lactation insufficiency: a study of 34 mothers. Current issues in clinical lactation 2000; 25-35.

Marasco, L., Marmet, C., & Shell, E. (2000). Polycystic ovary syndrome: a connection to insufficient milk supply? Journal of Human Lactation, 16(2), 143-148.

Morton, J. A. (1994). The clinical usefulness of breast milk sodium in the assessment of lactogenesis. Pediatrics, 93, 802–806.

Neifert, M. R., Seacat, J. M., & Jobe, W. E. (1985). Lactation failure due to insufficient glandular development of the breast. Pediatrics, 76(5), 823-828.

Rudel, R. A., Fenton, S. E., Ackerman, J. M., Euling, S. Y., Makris, S. L. (2011). Environmental exposures and mammary gland development: State of the science, public health implications, and research recommendations. Environmental Health Perspectives 119(8): doi:10.1289/ehp.1002864

West, D., & Marasco, L. (2008). The Breastfeeding Mother’s Guide to Making More Milk. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Kam RL, Amir LH, Cullinane M. Is There an Association Between Breast Hypoplasia and Breastfeeding Outcomes? A Systematic Review. Breastfeed Med. 2021 Aug;16(8):594-602. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0032. Epub 2021 Apr 23. PMID: 33891493.

Fungtammasan S, Phupong V. The effect of Moringa oleifera capsule in increasing breastmilk volume in early postpartum patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 6;16(4):e0248950. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248950. PMID: 33822798; PMCID: PMC8023461.

If you found value in this podcast, and want to support my mission to bring evidence based breastfeeding advice to families all around the world - feel free to "buy me a coffee"
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How does cyst removal, fibroma removal, breast lifts, breast implants and/or breast reductions impact breast feeding?

Resources::
https://www.bfar.org/index.shtml (being updated as of June 22)

Making More Milk: The Breastfeeding Guide to Increasing Your Milk Production, Second Edition by Lisa Marasco, MA, IBCLC, and Diana West, IBCLC

Facebook has a closed group for BFAR - https://www.facebook.com/groups/458224110894529/

https://www.lowmilksupply.org/

If you found value in this podcast, and want to support my mission to bring evidence based breastfeeding advice to families all around the world - feel free to "buy me a coffee"
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Parents choose to induce lactation or relactate for many reasons -- providing breastmilk to an infant is always a wonderful choice. Why choose to induce or relactate, expecations, storage of milk and more...

Here are resources I reference in this podcast:
Dr Jack Newman's website - https://ibconline.ca/

Wamboldt R, Shuster S, Sidhu BS. Lactation Induction in a Transgender Woman Wanting to Breastfeed: Case Report. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Apr 23;106(5):e2047-e2052. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa976. PMID: 33513241.

Oberhelman-Eaton S, Chang A, Gonzalez C, Braith A, Singh RJ, Lteif A. Initiation of Gender-Affirming Testosterone Therapy in a Lactating Transgender Man. J Hum Lact. 2022 May;38(2):339-343. doi: 10.1177/08903344211037646. Epub 2021 Sep 7. PMID: 34490813.

Delgado D, Stellwagen L, McCune S, Sejane K, Bode L. Experience of Induced Lactation in a Transgender Woman: Analysis of Human Milk and a Suggested Protocol. Breastfeed Med. 2023 Nov;18(11):888-893. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0197. Epub 2023 Nov 1. PMID: 37910800.

www.asklenore.info

If you found value in this podcast, and want to support my mission to bring evidence based breastfeeding advice to families all around the world - feel free to "buy me a coffee"
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Why contracts are important within a gestational carrier and intended family's contracts -- what are some types of contracts or problems when contracts don't cover all the bases for breastfeeding/breastmilk.

If you found value in this podcast, and want to support my mission to bring evidence based breastfeeding advice to families all around the world - feel free to "buy me a coffee"
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Causes and treatments of prenatal breast infections and engorgements.

Always check with your care provider if having infections during pregnancy as miscarriage, stillbirths, birth defects or premature labor can result as infection complications.

To reference the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine protocol:
"The mastitis spectrum"
BFM-2022-29207-kbm-ver9-Mitchell_2P 360..376 (bfmed.org)

If you found value in this podcast, and want to support my mission to bring evidence based breastfeeding advice to families all around the world - feel free to "buy me a coffee"
:-)
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